... (precession). The magnetic moment directions of protons in many liquids containing hydrogen atoms (such as kerosene, water, etc.) are randomly distributed when there is no external magnetic field. When in a stable external magnetic field (such as the
... width. Typical applications include fuel cell spraying, which is membrane electrode spraying in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The dispersed catalyst (such as platinum carbon catalyst) is sonicated and sprayed onto the proton exchange membrane to
